Authoritative estimates support the scoped comparison: U.S. golf-course irrigation is estimated at approximately 2.08 billion gallons per day, while U.S. data centers directly consumed about 17.4 billion gallons in all of 2023. On these direct-use measures, golf courses use substantially more water nationally. The comparison is not universal for every individual club or data center, and indirect water used to generate electricity would materially change the data-center total.
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